Drywood Termites

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Drywood termites are among the most elusive yet destructive structural pests. Unlike their subterranean counterparts, these termites reside entirely within the wood they consume, often remaining hidden until significant damage has occurred. In this guide, we’ll explore everything you need to know about drywood termites—from their biology and behavior to detection methods and treatment options. At ExterMetro Termite Control, we are dedicated to equipping homeowners with the knowledge and solutions necessary to protect their valuable assets.

Drywood termites have been a part of North American ecosystems for millions of years. They are primarily found in warmer regions along the Pacific coast, as well as in parts of the Southwest and even into the Southeast. Unlike subterranean termites that require contact with moist soil, drywood termites thrive in dry, seasoned wood. This unique adaptation allows them to infest and damage wood that appears structurally sound on the surface.

Drywood termites live in small colonies, which usually contain fewer than 1,000 individuals. Despite their relatively small size, these colonies can persist for many years, slowly expanding their network of galleries within wooden structures. A typical colony is organized into several castes:

• Reproductives (Alates): Winged termites that swarm during warm weather. They are the primary dispersal agents, leaving behind their wings shortly after establishing a new colony.
• Soldiers: Tasked with defending the colony. Soldiers are characterized by their robust mandibles and are usually slightly larger than the worker termites.
• Workers: The most numerous caste, responsible for foraging, feeding other members, and constructing galleries within wood.

The reproduction cycle and colony growth are slow compared to other termite species, yet the damage caused by these slow but persistent feeders can be extensive over time.

Drywood termites have a distinct way of feeding. They tunnel through wood in an “across the grain” pattern, consuming both the soft inner wood (springwood) and the harder outer wood (summerwood). This method of feeding weakens the structural integrity of wood more rapidly than the selective feeding seen in subterranean termites. As a result, even a seemingly sound wooden beam may be internally compromised by hidden galleries filled with termite activity.

Drywood termites prefer warmer, drier climates, making them prevalent in regions with mild winters. They are commonly found in:

• Coastal Areas: Regions along the Pacific coast where the climate is warm and wood is plentiful.
• Urban Structures: Homes and commercial buildings with exposed wooden elements such as beams, furniture, and decorative woodwork.
• Historic Buildings: Older structures often built with solid, seasoned wood are particularly susceptible, especially if they have not been maintained or treated.

Since drywood termites extract the moisture they need from the wood itself, they can inhabit wood that is far removed from any moisture source, including wood used in furniture and interior trim.

One of the most noticeable signs of drywood termite activity is the appearance of winged reproductives during swarming seasons. Typically, swarming occurs during warm days in the late summer and early fall. These alates emerge in large numbers, often clustering near windows, lights, and other warm areas. While the swarming process is a natural part of their life cycle and an opportunity for colony expansion, it also provides a critical alert for homeowners that an infestation may be present.

Due to their concealed lifestyle, detecting drywood termites requires a keen eye for subtle clues. Here are some common indicators:

• Discarded Wings: After swarming, termites shed their wings. These wings, often found on window sills, floors, or near doorways, are a classic sign of an emerging infestation.
• Fecal Pellets (Frass): Drywood termites produce small, pellet-like droppings that are typically about 1/32 inches long with distinct hexagonal ridges. These pellets accumulate near “kickout” holes, which are small openings in the wood where termites eject waste.
• Hollow or Damaged Wood: Wood that sounds hollow when tapped, or shows signs of crumbling and internal damage, can indicate termite activity inside.

The most significant difference between drywood and subterranean termites lies in their habitat requirements:

• Drywood Termites: Live entirely within wood and do not need soil contact. Their infestations are typically isolated within individual pieces of wood, making detection more challenging.
• Subterranean Termites: Require contact with soil and build extensive underground colonies connected by mud tubes. Their activity is more visible as these tubes often lead directly into the structure.

Another group that can be confused with drywood termites is dampwood termites. However, key differences include:

• Moisture Requirements: Dampwood termites need wood with high moisture content and are usually found in cooler, more humid environments.
• Physical Appearance: Dampwood termite fecal pellets tend to be more rounded and lack the distinct hexagonal shape found in drywood termite droppings.

Given the difficulty in detecting and accessing hidden colonies, treatment of drywood termites can be challenging. ExterMetro Termite Control employs a range of methods tailored to the specific needs of each situation.

Whole-structure treatments aim to eliminate all termite colonies within a building, including those that are hidden from view.

• Fumigation:
  Fumigation involves the use of sulfuryl fluoride gas to permeate every nook and cranny of a structure. A monitored fumigation process ensures that a lethal concentration of gas reaches all areas, effectively exterminating termite colonies within a matter of days. Although effective, this method requires that occupants vacate the property for a few days and involves careful planning to protect heat-sensitive items.
• Heat Treatments:
  In this method, the entire structure is heated to a target temperature (typically around 120°F) for a sustained period to kill termites. Heat treatments are a nonchemical alternative that minimizes residual chemicals in the home. However, achieving uniform heat distribution in large structures can be challenging, and some areas may act as “heat sinks,” potentially reducing efficacy.

For less extensive infestations, localized treatments can be applied directly to affected areas. These methods include:

• Chemical Spot Treatments:
  Injections of liquid or dust insecticides directly into infested wood can be effective if the termite colony is accurately located. However, this method requires precise detection and may not address all hidden infestations.
• Microwave and Electrocution Devices:
  Emerging technologies such as microwave devices or high-voltage electrocution aim to treat termite colonies without chemicals. Microwaves generate heat inside the wood by causing water molecules to vibrate, while electrocution devices deliver a shock that disrupts termite physiology. Both methods require pinpoint accuracy to avoid damaging the surrounding structure and to ensure complete termite eradication.

Long-term termite management includes measures designed to prevent new infestations:

• Wood Treatments and Preservatives:
  Pressure-treated wood and chemical preservatives can be used during construction or renovation to create a barrier against termite infestation. While effective, these treatments require careful application to maintain their protective qualities.
• Physical Barriers:
  Installing screens, metal mesh, or special paints can deter termites from gaining access to vulnerable areas of the structure. Over time, however, these barriers can degrade, necessitating regular maintenance.
• Routine Inspections:
  Perhaps the most effective preventive measure is scheduling regular inspections. Early detection of termite activity allows for prompt treatment before significant damage occurs. ExterMetro Termite Control offers comprehensive annual inspection services designed to catch infestations in their early stages.

Drywood termite infestations are complex and require a detailed understanding of both the pest and the structure they inhabit. At ExterMetro Termite Control, our certified technicians bring years of experience to every inspection and treatment. We not only utilize state-of-the-art equipment but also adhere to the highest industry standards to ensure thorough and effective termite management. By working closely with our clients, we develop tailored solutions that address both current infestations and long-term prevention.

Understanding drywood termites—their habits, behaviors, and the damage they can inflict—is the first step in protecting your home. With the right knowledge and professional assistance, homeowners can tackle termite infestations before they compromise the structural integrity of their property.

At ExterMetro Termite Control, we are committed to delivering high-quality, customized termite management solutions. Whether you require a whole-structure treatment for a large infestation or localized treatments for early-stage issues, our team of experts is here to help. We combine advanced detection methods, proven treatment techniques, and preventive measures to safeguard your home from these silent destroyers.

Contact ExterMetro Termite Control today for a free inspection and take the first step toward a termite-free home. Protect your investment with professional expertise that ensures peace of mind now and in the future.